It should be legal until the fetus is viable outside the womb, or even after that if the mother's physical or mental health are threatened, or if the pregnancy is due to rape or incest, or if the fetus will not be viable if born. This issue is not about when life begins, but when the civil right to life begins. The right to life is very important but not always #1. We could save many lives with universal health care, but many consider it too expensive. We could save many lives by not sending fine men and women to die in Iraq and Afghanistan. We could save many lives by having more suicide prevention efforts, lowering speed limits on interstates to 25 mph, requiring vaccines, etc. All rights have age limits: the right to vote, to drink alcohol, serve as president, etc. These arbitrary age limits are political questions decided for the best interests of society. Setting the start of the civil right to life at conception has many bad consequences. If life always begins at conception identical twins have only one life since they had only one conception. Other early gestation limits are almost as bad. Any miscarriage is a homicide. Freezing embryos at a fertility clinic is kidnapping. If a pregnant woman has a glass of wine with dinner that is an assault. If an abortion requires a threat to the pregnant woman's life, how serious does that threat have to be? It puts doctors in a position where they may decline to help their patient for fear of prosecution. Women will die unnecessarily as a result. The adoption system is already overloaded. If thousands more unwanted children are born the system will collapse. Women forced to give birth and without adoption options will usually be forced to give up their careers, and society will lose their contributions. The world already suffers from overpopulation. Saving the lives of fetuses will come at far too high a cost, just like taking guns away from the police would save lives but come at too high a cost.

It should be legal until the fetus is viable outside the womb, or even after that if the mother's physical or mental health are threatened, or if the pregnancy is due to rape or incest, or if the fetus will not be viable if born. This issue is not about when life begins, but when the civil right to life begins. The right to life is very important but not always #1. We could save many lives with universal health care, but many consider it too expensive. We could save many lives by not sending fine men and women to die in Iraq and Afghanistan. We could save many lives by having more suicide prevention efforts, lowering speed limits on interstates to 25 mph, requiring vaccines, etc. All rights have age limits: the right to vote, to drink alcohol, serve as president, etc. These arbitrary age limits are political questions decided for the best interests of society. Setting the start of the civil right to life at conception has many bad consequences. If life always begins at conception identical twins have only one life since they had only one conception. Other early gestation limits are almost as bad. Any miscarriage is a homicide. Freezing embryos at a fertility clinic is kidnapping. If a pregnant woman has a glass of wine with dinner that is an assault. If an abortion requires a threat to the pregnant woman's life, how serious does that threat have to be? It puts doctors in a position where they may decline to help their patient for fear of prosecution. Women will die unnecessarily as a result. The adoption system is already overloaded. If thousands more unwanted children are born the system will collapse. Women forced to give birth and without adoption options will usually be forced to give up their careers, and society will lose their contributions. The world already suffers from overpopulation. Saving the lives of fetuses will come at far too high a cost, just like taking guns away from the police would save lives but come at too high a cost.

Disagree

These organizations provide many other useful services that save lives, including family planning that reduces the need for abortions.

Disagree

These organizations provide many other useful services that save lives, including family planning that reduces the need for abortions.

Agree

I worry a bit that the right to die can become the duty to die, but I think this is not a big concern. It is outweighed by the right of a person to end a life of misery.

Agree

I worry a bit that the right to die can become the duty to die, but I think this is not a big concern. It is outweighed by the right of a person to end a life of misery.

Agree

Any business that operates to serve the public should serve everyone. Exceptions can be made for customers who disrupt the normal course of business. Private clubs and people that are not incorporated businesses need not serve people in ways they object to.

Agree

Any business that operates to serve the public should serve everyone. Exceptions can be made for customers who disrupt the normal course of business. Private clubs and people that are not incorporated businesses need not serve people in ways they object to.

Only in extreme circumstances: buildings that are unsafe, churches that advocate--and occasionally carry out--violence against nonmembers, during pandemics where any public gathering is likely to cause death. Closing a church because of a pandemic should not be allowed if other public gatherings are allowed.

Only in extreme circumstances: buildings that are unsafe, churches that advocate--and occasionally carry out--violence against nonmembers, during pandemics where any public gathering is likely to cause death. Closing a church because of a pandemic should not be allowed if other public gatherings are allowed.

It should try to deprive the terrorists of a cause worth dying for. Oppose Israeli annexation of Palestinian lands outside the 1966 borders. Oppose Jewish settlements there and exert economic pressure--sanctions if necessary--to force Israel to obey international law. Enlist Arab governments in prosecuting terrorists. Don't equate Islam with terrorism.

It should try to deprive the terrorists of a cause worth dying for. Oppose Israeli annexation of Palestinian lands outside the 1966 borders. Oppose Jewish settlements there and exert economic pressure--sanctions if necessary--to force Israel to obey international law. Enlist Arab governments in prosecuting terrorists. Don't equate Islam with terrorism.

Neutral

Arab terrorism is still rampant and an Israeli security presence on the West Bank will be needed for some time. But I agree with the other parts of this. Palestinians do not have the same rights as Israelis to basics like water, etc. and this needs to change. I don't think that Palestinians will be able to return to pre-1948 lands within the 1966 borders of Israel, but they should be able to return to lands currently occupied by Israel that were conquered after 1966.

Neutral

Arab terrorism is still rampant and an Israeli security presence on the West Bank will be needed for some time. But I agree with the other parts of this. Palestinians do not have the same rights as Israelis to basics like water, etc. and this needs to change. I don't think that Palestinians will be able to return to pre-1948 lands within the 1966 borders of Israel, but they should be able to return to lands currently occupied by Israel that were conquered after 1966.

B

B

Most of them if all the following are true: the disease is serious and has a moderate to high risk of death or permanent health damage, the disease is highly or moderately contagious in the school/business setting, the vaccine is safe and effective, and the cost to obtain the vaccine is minimal. E.g. a COVID vaccine mandate makes sense, and an AIDS vaccine would not. I would not make exceptions for religious beliefs. Religion cannot outweigh public safety.

Most of them if all the following are true: the disease is serious and has a moderate to high risk of death or permanent health damage, the disease is highly or moderately contagious in the school/business setting, the vaccine is safe and effective, and the cost to obtain the vaccine is minimal. E.g. a COVID vaccine mandate makes sense, and an AIDS vaccine would not. I would not make exceptions for religious beliefs. Religion cannot outweigh public safety.

Too many to list. Marginal tax rates should go up for very high incomes, up to at least 50%. Loopholes for corporate taxes should be limited to those that provide large benefits for society at large, in addition to benefits to a company's shareholders, employees, and customers. There should be a minimum corporate tax based on net income reported to shareholders for purposes of declaring dividends. There should be incentives for environmental benefits including a carbon fee and dividend. Collect $ from producers/importers of fossil fuels that is rebated equally to all citizens so as to be revenue neutral. There should be no tax breaks for fossil fuel companies that aren't available to other industries. Deductions on personal taxes should be limited in ways similar to corporate taxes. The IRS should have more resources to audit complex returns. The tax laws should be simplified. Capital gains and carried interest should be taxed as other income. I am against income equality--people who create more value should get paid more. But the degree of inequality is too high. There are too many tax breaks for wealth, and not enough tax breaks for work.

Too many to list. Marginal tax rates should go up for very high incomes, up to at least 50%. Loopholes for corporate taxes should be limited to those that provide large benefits for society at large, in addition to benefits to a company's shareholders, employees, and customers. There should be a minimum corporate tax based on net income reported to shareholders for purposes of declaring dividends. There should be incentives for environmental benefits including a carbon fee and dividend. Collect $ from producers/importers of fossil fuels that is rebated equally to all citizens so as to be revenue neutral. There should be no tax breaks for fossil fuel companies that aren't available to other industries. Deductions on personal taxes should be limited in ways similar to corporate taxes. The IRS should have more resources to audit complex returns. The tax laws should be simplified. Capital gains and carried interest should be taxed as other income. I am against income equality--people who create more value should get paid more. But the degree of inequality is too high. There are too many tax breaks for wealth, and not enough tax breaks for work.

Military. We should have the strongest military in the world, as strong as the next two plausible foes combined. We plus our allies should have military force three times as strong as our plausible foes. At present we have far more than this. We have bases in dozens of countries. Our foes have fewer than 10. Aid to states. State projects should have higher state and local funding and less federal funding. Balancing the budget is a laudable goal but cutting spending enough to do so would be too draconian and cause massive misery. Tax increases would be needed as well.

Military. We should have the strongest military in the world, as strong as the next two plausible foes combined. We plus our allies should have military force three times as strong as our plausible foes. At present we have far more than this. We have bases in dozens of countries. Our foes have fewer than 10. Aid to states. State projects should have higher state and local funding and less federal funding. Balancing the budget is a laudable goal but cutting spending enough to do so would be too draconian and cause massive misery. Tax increases would be needed as well.

Disagree

Public funds should be for things everyone needs. College is not for everyone. Free college would encourage people who don't belong there to use scarce resources. For qualified students who can't afford it, it should have no up front costs, but they should be required to take out some loans. Student debt should be much lower though, since too many need decades to pay off student loans.

Disagree

Public funds should be for things everyone needs. College is not for everyone. Free college would encourage people who don't belong there to use scarce resources. For qualified students who can't afford it, it should have no up front costs, but they should be required to take out some loans. Student debt should be much lower though, since too many need decades to pay off student loans.

Neutral

A wall would be ineffective in most places and in some ways counterproductive. Reducing illegal immigration is an important goal. DACA recipients should have a pathway to citizenship; it is not a crime to obey your parents when you are 3 years old. Undocumented people should not get federal aid and should be deported if convicted of a felony. People who enter illegally, are deported, and return should be jailed.

Neutral

A wall would be ineffective in most places and in some ways counterproductive. Reducing illegal immigration is an important goal. DACA recipients should have a pathway to citizenship; it is not a crime to obey your parents when you are 3 years old. Undocumented people should not get federal aid and should be deported if convicted of a felony. People who enter illegally, are deported, and return should be jailed.

This is a very complex issue. Our local library has a book entitled (roughly) "US Immigration Law Made Simple"; the book is 670 pages long. Those who helped Americans fight abroad need to be let in with their families. Political refugees should be admitted. Highly skilled people who can fill job vacancies that cannot be filled by Americans should be let in. People fleeing violence who can fill vacant jobs should be let in. More people seek economic opportunity here than we can accommodate, and some need to be let in but not all. How to decide is not something I know how to do. But immigrants need shelter, etc. and their presence creates demand and thus creates jobs. They cannot be looked at purely as taking jobs from others. Those who are ill or have a history of violent crime should be excluded. Reunifying families should be a favorable criterion for admission.

This is a very complex issue. Our local library has a book entitled (roughly) "US Immigration Law Made Simple"; the book is 670 pages long. Those who helped Americans fight abroad need to be let in with their families. Political refugees should be admitted. Highly skilled people who can fill job vacancies that cannot be filled by Americans should be let in. People fleeing violence who can fill vacant jobs should be let in. More people seek economic opportunity here than we can accommodate, and some need to be let in but not all. How to decide is not something I know how to do. But immigrants need shelter, etc. and their presence creates demand and thus creates jobs. They cannot be looked at purely as taking jobs from others. Those who are ill or have a history of violent crime should be excluded. Reunifying families should be a favorable criterion for admission.

Disagree

Public money should be for public schools, not private schools. Charter schools can work well if well designed. Home schooling should be for those who have trouble in social settings. Attending school is an important way to learn how to interact with others. Most parents are not qualified to give a good education, though many are. In Iowa we have "school choice" in the form of open enrollment; parents can send their children to a school in a nearby district.

Disagree

Public money should be for public schools, not private schools. Charter schools can work well if well designed. Home schooling should be for those who have trouble in social settings. Attending school is an important way to learn how to interact with others. Most parents are not qualified to give a good education, though many are. In Iowa we have "school choice" in the form of open enrollment; parents can send their children to a school in a nearby district.

Agree

But they should be liable for prosecution if they deviate from proper procedures. And those procedures should be written to protect the lives and rights of citizens, not just to protect police. Many police shootings use the defense that the officer feared for his life. That fear should be reasonable and supported by evidence to be used as a defense.

Agree

But they should be liable for prosecution if they deviate from proper procedures. And those procedures should be written to protect the lives and rights of citizens, not just to protect police. Many police shootings use the defense that the officer feared for his life. That fear should be reasonable and supported by evidence to be used as a defense.

Disagree

Mental health and community programs need more funding. They can reduce the number of violent disputes. But social workers do not want to respond to domestic disputes without police along too. They cannot replace police in these cases.

Disagree

Mental health and community programs need more funding. They can reduce the number of violent disputes. But social workers do not want to respond to domestic disputes without police along too. They cannot replace police in these cases.

People have a right to own firearms, but they don't have a right to own every kind of weapon. It's a chilling thought that a person whose luggage was lost by an airline could own an antiaircraft missile. Road rage with antitank rockets would be very bad. I'm against private ownership of assault weapons: semi-automatic weapons with >8 round replaceable clips. These turn killings into mass killings. Anyone who claims to be an originalist should agree. The 2nd amendment when written protected only single shot muzzle-loading weapons. Guns should be made easier to trace. Tech exists that can pinpoint which gun fired a round even if the gun isn't found. They can be made to not fire except by the lawful owner. Those who claim assault weapons are needed to fight government tyranny ignore the fact that a few guys with AR-15s have no chance against the police much less the national guard. And the constitution has a word for making war on the U.S. government: treason. We need better background checks. We can hold a gun seller liable for a gun used in a crime unless a check was performed and came back clean. We need to close the boyfriend loophole. But most important of all we need to reverse the cultural idea that the way to resolve a dispute is with shooting.

People have a right to own firearms, but they don't have a right to own every kind of weapon. It's a chilling thought that a person whose luggage was lost by an airline could own an antiaircraft missile. Road rage with antitank rockets would be very bad. I'm against private ownership of assault weapons: semi-automatic weapons with >8 round replaceable clips. These turn killings into mass killings. Anyone who claims to be an originalist should agree. The 2nd amendment when written protected only single shot muzzle-loading weapons. Guns should be made easier to trace. Tech exists that can pinpoint which gun fired a round even if the gun isn't found. They can be made to not fire except by the lawful owner. Those who claim assault weapons are needed to fight government tyranny ignore the fact that a few guys with AR-15s have no chance against the police much less the national guard. And the constitution has a word for making war on the U.S. government: treason. We need better background checks. We can hold a gun seller liable for a gun used in a crime unless a check was performed and came back clean. We need to close the boyfriend loophole. But most important of all we need to reverse the cultural idea that the way to resolve a dispute is with shooting.

Disagree

Guns are made to kill people. If used as intended the manufacturer should not be liable. They can be sued for violations of the law or for making a defective weapon. The dealer could be liable if the buyer was known to be a risk or if a background check was not done or if the check showed a risk. A dealer should not be liable if a background check was properly done and came up clean unless there was obvious risk, e.g. the buyer threatened violence while in the dealer's presence.

Disagree

Guns are made to kill people. If used as intended the manufacturer should not be liable. They can be sued for violations of the law or for making a defective weapon. The dealer could be liable if the buyer was known to be a risk or if a background check was not done or if the check showed a risk. A dealer should not be liable if a background check was properly done and came up clean unless there was obvious risk, e.g. the buyer threatened violence while in the dealer's presence.

The purposes set out in the preamble to the Constitution are a good place to start. Make and enforce laws to maximize the value and happiness of society. Collect taxes in a fair way and spend the money wisely on the public good. Make fair laws; fairness is in the eye of the beholder. Enforce them equally without favoring any by gender, race, faith, sexual orientation, position of power, friendship, business association, etc.

The purposes set out in the preamble to the Constitution are a good place to start. Make and enforce laws to maximize the value and happiness of society. Collect taxes in a fair way and spend the money wisely on the public good. Make fair laws; fairness is in the eye of the beholder. Enforce them equally without favoring any by gender, race, faith, sexual orientation, position of power, friendship, business association, etc.

Lean Liberal

Many issues, and all controversial issues, are not black and white. In many cases two important values that all agree are important give different guidance on an issue. Too often the two major parties accuse the other of ignoring a key value, but in reality neither side ignores either value but rather considers one of the two values more important for that issue. Our discourse should recognize this.

Lean Liberal

Many issues, and all controversial issues, are not black and white. In many cases two important values that all agree are important give different guidance on an issue. Too often the two major parties accuse the other of ignoring a key value, but in reality neither side ignores either value but rather considers one of the two values more important for that issue. Our discourse should recognize this.

My website has 39 letters to the editor published in various newspapers.

My website has 39 letters to the editor published in various newspapers.

no

no

I have much experience writing rules: 10 convention rules committees. I'm in the published rules for having improved the rules for 9 games, mostly very complex (>20 pages of rules). I'm very competitive: I've won 11 world championships in complex games. But I take defeat gracefully. I can persuade. On a jury I was 1 vs 11 and convinced all others to agree with me. I convinced a person adamantly opposed to gay marriage to agree that civil society needs to allow it. I have many civil conversations about politics with conservatives. I will never put party over good government. I don't shy away from saying things people may disagree with. I'll never hide my positions on issues and would rather lose an election than betray my values or the interests of the people I serve. I would like to see agriculture diversify. Family farms are the basis of Iowa culture, but if they all grow the same things they are vulnerable to consolidation--economies of scale are more efficient. Niche crops that can be sold locally would make small farms more viable, and customers would get better and fresher food. Protecting farmer livelihood is crucial and difficult since they can't determine the price either when they buy or when they sell. Our society needs to change its paradigm from growth to sustainability. There is no frontier to move to and we have to preserve the land and resources we have--use them only at the rate that they can be regenerated. Improvement has to be better, not more. We need better gun safety. I support universal background checks. Sellers can be held responsible for gun abuse unless they do a check. Gun manufacturers should be required to make safer guns with biometric locks, etc. Guns are designed to kill and manufacturers aren't responsible if they are used for that. Assault weapons are not needed for legitimate gun needs. Using them to defend against the government is treason. Responsible hunting provides a useful service to the ecosystem and I support it.

I have much experience writing rules: 10 convention rules committees. I'm in the published rules for having improved the rules for 9 games, mostly very complex (>20 pages of rules). I'm very competitive: I've won 11 world championships in complex games. But I take defeat gracefully. I can persuade. On a jury I was 1 vs 11 and convinced all others to agree with me. I convinced a person adamantly opposed to gay marriage to agree that civil society needs to allow it. I have many civil conversations about politics with conservatives. I will never put party over good government. I don't shy away from saying things people may disagree with. I'll never hide my positions on issues and would rather lose an election than betray my values or the interests of the people I serve. I would like to see agriculture diversify. Family farms are the basis of Iowa culture, but if they all grow the same things they are vulnerable to consolidation--economies of scale are more efficient. Niche crops that can be sold locally would make small farms more viable, and customers would get better and fresher food. Protecting farmer livelihood is crucial and difficult since they can't determine the price either when they buy or when they sell. Our society needs to change its paradigm from growth to sustainability. There is no frontier to move to and we have to preserve the land and resources we have--use them only at the rate that they can be regenerated. Improvement has to be better, not more. We need better gun safety. I support universal background checks. Sellers can be held responsible for gun abuse unless they do a check. Gun manufacturers should be required to make safer guns with biometric locks, etc. Guns are designed to kill and manufacturers aren't responsible if they are used for that. Assault weapons are not needed for legitimate gun needs. Using them to defend against the government is treason. Responsible hunting provides a useful service to the ecosystem and I support it.

Disagree

Morality is necessary to inform government. That need not be based on Judeo-Christian theology or any theology at all. In general I support Judeo-Christian values. We have separation of church and state in this country and this is important to protect religious freedom for those of all faiths or no faith.

Disagree

Morality is necessary to inform government. That need not be based on Judeo-Christian theology or any theology at all. In general I support Judeo-Christian values. We have separation of church and state in this country and this is important to protect religious freedom for those of all faiths or no faith.

Agree

Discrimination of those who are different is very seldom justified. In graduate school I lived on a floor with a co-ed bathroom that caused no problems. I oppose bathroom restrictions based on gender identity. I could see where some people would be very uncomfortable with a transgender person in their shower/locker room. In any other situation I would oppose gender identity discrimination.

Agree

Discrimination of those who are different is very seldom justified. In graduate school I lived on a floor with a co-ed bathroom that caused no problems. I oppose bathroom restrictions based on gender identity. I could see where some people would be very uncomfortable with a transgender person in their shower/locker room. In any other situation I would oppose gender identity discrimination.

Strongly Disagree

Marriage is not a Christian institution. It is a human institution. Those of nearly all faiths have marriage. In this country marriage confers civil rights: inheritance, hospital visitation, etc. and all people should have these rights. If a church wants to ban other forms of marriage from being performed in their church I support this. But civil society needs to recognize nontraditional marriage.

Strongly Disagree

Marriage is not a Christian institution. It is a human institution. Those of nearly all faiths have marriage. In this country marriage confers civil rights: inheritance, hospital visitation, etc. and all people should have these rights. If a church wants to ban other forms of marriage from being performed in their church I support this. But civil society needs to recognize nontraditional marriage.

Neutral

Racist laws have been nearly completely eliminated. But racism remains. Laws are enforced with discretion, and business deals are made with discretion, and many times racism prevents people of color from achieving what they deserve. Also, past racism has created class differences, and many racial disparities are due to poverty rather than current racism. I don't think the country is fundamentally racist, but in many ways it functionally is.

Neutral

Racist laws have been nearly completely eliminated. But racism remains. Laws are enforced with discretion, and business deals are made with discretion, and many times racism prevents people of color from achieving what they deserve. Also, past racism has created class differences, and many racial disparities are due to poverty rather than current racism. I don't think the country is fundamentally racist, but in many ways it functionally is.

I don't discuss my faith in connection with politics or government.

I don't discuss my faith in connection with politics or government.

Agree

Fraudulent voting is very rare. Disenfranchising people for lack of photo ID is common. The gain in "election security" by requiring photo ID is far outweighed by its effect on voter suppression.

Agree

Fraudulent voting is very rare. Disenfranchising people for lack of photo ID is common. The gain in "election security" by requiring photo ID is far outweighed by its effect on voter suppression.

There should be a paper ballot trail in all elections. It should be easier to vote early or by mail. I would like to see instant runoff voting; this would benefit "3rd party" candidates. People could vote for their real first choice instead of just for a candidate they like (or dislike less) who can win. Open primaries would reduce the power of the extreme right and extreme left and would help. For example, have one primary (not one for each party) with the top 4-5 candidates proceeding to a general election with instant runoff voting. Automatic voter registration with driver's license applications, restoring voting rights to felons who have completed their sentence (without requiring payment of court costs). Citizens need to be better informed on their right to vote and how important it is to exercise that right. It is regrettable that the skills that make a good candidate have little to do with the skills required to be a good public official; I'd like to see that changed but I don't see how to do it.

There should be a paper ballot trail in all elections. It should be easier to vote early or by mail. I would like to see instant runoff voting; this would benefit "3rd party" candidates. People could vote for their real first choice instead of just for a candidate they like (or dislike less) who can win. Open primaries would reduce the power of the extreme right and extreme left and would help. For example, have one primary (not one for each party) with the top 4-5 candidates proceeding to a general election with instant runoff voting. Automatic voter registration with driver's license applications, restoring voting rights to felons who have completed their sentence (without requiring payment of court costs). Citizens need to be better informed on their right to vote and how important it is to exercise that right. It is regrettable that the skills that make a good candidate have little to do with the skills required to be a good public official; I'd like to see that changed but I don't see how to do it.

Yes, but not a big one. Race riots are rare. Racism in this country is gradually being reduced and is better in general than it ever was, though in the last few years there has been an uptick in racism.

Yes, but not a big one. Race riots are rare. Racism in this country is gradually being reduced and is better in general than it ever was, though in the last few years there has been an uptick in racism.

Disagree

Figuring out how much is fair is pretty impossible. Better is to give real equal opportunity to people now.

Disagree

Figuring out how much is fair is pretty impossible. Better is to give real equal opportunity to people now.

B. The environment is necessary for life. Clean air and water are worth spending money on. At the end of the day money doesn't matter--value does. Money is worth only the quality of life you can buy with it. Clean energy creates jobs, more jobs than it displaces. People would generally rather be unemployed than dead.

B. The environment is necessary for life. Clean air and water are worth spending money on. At the end of the day money doesn't matter--value does. Money is worth only the quality of life you can buy with it. Clean energy creates jobs, more jobs than it displaces. People would generally rather be unemployed than dead.

Disagree

This technology creates lots of toxic waste. We need to move away from fossil fuels as soon as possible for health and climate reasons. Clinging to the energy sources of the past is bad. But we can't stop pumping oil till other energy sources are available. We should be moving to those sources as fast as possible.

Disagree

This technology creates lots of toxic waste. We need to move away from fossil fuels as soon as possible for health and climate reasons. Clinging to the energy sources of the past is bad. But we can't stop pumping oil till other energy sources are available. We should be moving to those sources as fast as possible.