Top-Four Primary and Ranked Choice Voting Initiative

Ballot Icon Ballot Measure

FAILED

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CONSERVATIVE

BALLOT LANGUAGE

Measure to:

(1) replace voter selection of party nominees with a top-four primary;

(2) require a ranked-choice voting system for general elections.

This measure proposes two distinct changes to elections for most public offices. First, this measure would abolish Idaho's party primaries. Under current law, political parties nominate candidates through primary elections in which party members vote for a candidate to represent the party in the general election. The initiative creates a system where all candidates participate in a top-four primary and voters may vote on all candidates. The top four vote-earners for each office would advance to the general election. Candidates could list any affiliation on the ballot, but would not represent political parties, and need not be associated with the party they name. Second, the measure would require a ranked-choice voting system for the general election. Under current law, voters may select one candidate for each office, and the candidate with the most votes wins. Under the ranked-choice voting system, voters rank candidates on the ballot in order of preference, but need not rank every candidate. The votes are counted in successive rounds, and the candidate receiving the fewest votes in each round is eliminated. A vote for an eliminated candidate will transfer to the voter's next-highest-ranked active candidate. The candidate with the most votes in the final round wins.

Funding Source Statement: The Idaho Open Primaries Act will be funded by an augmentation of existing state and county expenditures for advertising and tabulation. Implementation of the act will require 1.) A public awareness effort to inform voters, candidates, and election workers about changes to the election process, and 2.) The purchase of ballot tabulation equipment capable of conducting instant runoff elections.

Fiscal Impact Statement: Under this initiative, new software for tabulating ballots via instant runoff voting is needed; no federally certified software exists for this process, though there is open-source software for tabulation. We cannot estimate the cost of software for tabulation. Seventeen counties need to purchase an election management software at an estimated cost of $300,000. Material costs for a May primary election have been above $800,000. By 2026, the (inflated, population) adjusted value is $1,600,000. The software update may increase to $600,000 were the purchase postponed.

Question: Shall the above-entitled measure proposed by Proposition One be approved?

WHAT IT MEANS

Yes

"Yes" vote means that you desire to amend Idaho Election Code to allow open primaries and ranked choice voting under the following election process:

In the Primary Election:

  • All candidates and voters participate in a single primary election regardless of party affiliation or non-affiliation.
  • The top four vote-earners will advance to the general election.

In the General Election:

  • Voters rank all candidates numerically on their ballot. 
  • The winner is determined by eliminating the candidate with the least votes and redistributing those votes to the voter's next ranked candidate. This could result in your vote being given to a candidate that was not your first choice
  • The process repeats until a candidate receives more than 50% of the votes. This candidate is determined to be the winner, but this process can take weeks.
  • Sometimes this "majority" is achieved only after many rounds of voting and trashed ballots, therefore not resulting in a true majority.

No

"No" vote will keep Idaho primary and general elections partisan meaning that:

  • Ranked choice voting is prohibited.
  • Citizens vote in the primary of the political party with which they are registered or may choose which party primary to vote in if they are not registered with a party.
  • Voters select the candidate of their choice.
  • Each political party will send their top vote-winning candidate from the primary to the general election.

ARGUMENTS FOR AND AGAINST

Yes

  • “There are 160,000 military veterans in Idaho, the 6th highest in the U.S. Half of veterans prefer to vote independent, which means that vets make up one of the largest groups of Idaho's 270,000 independent voters. Veterans served this country but can't vote in publicly funded primaries. That's just plain wrong.” - Veterans for Idaho Voters 

  • “The Open Primaries ballot initiative is intended to restore Idaho’s open electoral system and return political power to the people. The initiative maximizes voter participation by creating a nonpartisan primary system where all voters, not just those registered to a party, may participate. The top four vote getters from the primary move on to the general election, which will consist of instant-runoff voting where all electors have the equal opportunity to pick their top candidate and then rank additional candidates in order of preference if they choose. This method of casting and counting ballots seeks to unify rather than to divide us. It aims to produce better leaders with broad support who are incentivized to serve the will of the people and not just a small slice of primary voters. In doing so, it will help foster cooperation and alleviate toxic polarization.” - Mormon Women for Ethical Government 

  • “The initiative will end Idaho’s closed primary elections and create a non-partisan primary system, open to all voters regardless of party affiliation. The top four candidates will advance to the general election. In the general election, voters will have the freedom to pick their top candidate and also to rank additional candidates in order of preference. To make sure the winner enjoys support from a broad coalition of voters and not just a narrow faction, there will be Instant Runoff Voting in the general election (also called “ranked choice voting”). Here’s how it works: The last-place candidate will be eliminated and each vote for that candidate will be transferred to the voter's second choice. This process repeats until only two candidates remain, and the candidate with the most votes is declared the winner.” - Reclaim Idaho 

  • “Proposition 1 restores open primaries and gives power back to people, not party elites. Our closed primaries prevent nearly 300,000 Idahoans from participating in some of our most important elections. Proposition 1 will give Idahoans the freedom to vote in all elections without having to align with a political party. By restoring Idaho’s tradition of Open Primaries, Prop 1 will give the power back to people, not political party elites, so we can elect leaders who focus on solving real problems—not distractions and controversies that turn us against each other.” - Idahoans for Open Primaries 

No

  • “Liberals in Idaho, frustrated by their inability to turn Idaho into the next California, are launching a last-ditch effort to upend Idaho’s current election system by implementing RCV. The real objective of liberals and far-left extremists pushing RCV is to make Idaho more like California, get rid of conservative lawmakers, and allow Democrats to choose who should be a Republican nominee for elected office in Idaho.” - Greg Pruett, Idaho 2nd Amendment Alliance 

  • “Don't Be Deceived. The true purpose of the so-called "Open Primary Initiative" is a total overhaul of Idaho's election system. Many Idaho voters mistakenly believe that the Open Primary Initiative would reinstate the open primary system that Idaho used prior to 2012. This is not the case. The Open Primary Initiative is a plan to completely overhaul Idaho elections with a new "Top Four" primary and a completely new Ranked Choice voting scheme for general elections. Proposition One erodes the power of Idaho voters. It is bad for Republicans, Democrats and Independents.” - Idaho Fair Elections 

  • “In Idaho, we take pride in our straightforward, easy-to-understand election system, which has earned high levels of trust and confidence from voters. But now, a crucial question arises: Who stands to benefit from changing this system? Consider the significant influence of billionaire-backed organizations and dark money groups that are funding the Ranked Choice Voting (RCV) initiative and Reclaim Idaho. Prominent figures like George Soros are among those involved, fueling nationwide efforts to overhaul our electoral process. This brings us to the complexities of the proposed Jungle Primary and RCV systems—known for their convoluted nature, inherent unfairness, and substantial costs. So, why is there such a strong push for this change? The answer lies in the desire of progressive activists to alter electoral rules to secure more victories and the ambition of billionaires to diminish the power of local grassroots organizations in favor of their own influence.” - One Person One vote 

  • “Prop 1 is marketed as an easy and fair change to Idaho elections. But what it actually does is make voting far more confusing, far less transparent, puts your vote at risk of being trashed, and empowers out of state Progressive billionaires. Prop 1 seeks to implement a California-style jungle primary in which Democrats would help choose Republican candidates and vice versa. The top four candidates with the most votes would advance to the general election in a new Ranked-Choice-Voting system. The Top 4 vote getters from the Jungle Primary would then enter a complicated and expensive scheme for the General Election known as Ranked Choice Voting (RCV). Ranked-Choice-Voting involves a more complicated ballot where voters are required to rank all candidates, including those they find repugnant. The process involves three successive rounds of computer tabulation where the candidate with the least votes gets eliminated. Voters’ secondary and tertiary rankings are subsequently transferred and tabulated if their first pick was eliminated.” - Secure Idaho Elections 

FINANCIAL BACKING

The following information provides insight into the money being spent to pass or defeat the ballot measure.

Yes

Committees formed to SUPPORT the Idaho Proposition 1, Top Four Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2024):

IDAHOANS FOR OPEN PRIMARIES

Selected Contributions TO Idahoans for Open Primaries* include:

  • Unite America
  • Ronald Nahas & Family Trust
  • The Bill Parks Charitable Foundation
  • Hull Family
  • AJ & Susie Balukoff
  • Reclaim Idaho

*TO VIEW FINANCIAL REPORTS BY COMMITTEE:

  • Click on the link - this will bring you to the Idaho Contributions Database.
  • Enter the committee's name in the "Candidate/Committee Name" dialog box and hit <Enter>.

No

Committees formed to OPPOSE the Idaho Proposition 1, Top Four Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2024):

ONE PERSON ONE VOTE

Selected Contributions TO One Person One Vote include:

  • Larry Williams
  • Don Hubble
  • Avimor Development

IDAHO FAIR ELECTIONS

Selected Contributions TO Idaho Fair Elections include:

  • Idaho Land Fund
  • Defend Idaho
  • Vicki Keen
  • William Campbell
  • Dan McKnight

OTHER INFORMATION

Yes

No

  • "The best argument against ranked-choice voting is its track record. Supporters argue that the system ensures majority rule, but this is a false majority and only comes about after voters’ legal ballots are thrown in the trash. This has happened across the country in places like Alaska, Maine, Utah, New York City, and San Francisco. Ranked-choice voting diminishes voter confidence in a multitude of ways. It results in election winners losing and election losers winning. It forces voters to vote against their conscience, or even for their opponent, to ensure that their ballot does not end up in a landfill. Finally, because ranked-choice voting often guarantees multiple rounds of counting, elections results are delayed, which invites distrust and confusion." - Foundation for Government Accountability

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